"If that's the major reason why healthcare is less expensive in other countries, I would suggest that we should find some way to get other countries to shoulder much more of the burden for said research."
There have been several attempts to do just that, primarily by forcing drug companies to charge the same price to everyone, regardless of income. For americans, that would largelty result in lower drug costs. The downside is that the same companies could no longer provide low or no cost drugs to the developing world.
"Why should we subsidize this research with our medical bills and insurance premiums, while the rest of the world gets the cheap benefits?"
Well, using that same argument, why should the healthy people of the US have to support the unhealthy lifestyles of others through higher premiums. The current plan, if passed, would require healthy young people to pay much higher premiums, so that the less healthy and older folks could pay lower premiums. When I was a 23 year old college student, I paid about $85 a month for a decent plan. Because I'm young and healthy. If Obamacare goes through, that would no longer be possible. I would pay more so that others could pay less.
"The over-all quality of our healthcare is only a minor issue compared to the cost. Quality is a nice feature."
The only differences between healthcare today in the US and healthcare in 1700 are cost and quality. It was much cheaper in 1700. Much lower quality too.
It's really a conundrum that can't be overcome. You can't really sacrifice quality for the few to save on cost without sacrficing on quality for all. For example, the wait time for an MRI in Canada is two weeks. The wait in the US is the amount of time it takes for the doc to determine you need an MRI. We simply have a more robust infrastructure down here. It also costs more.
Maybe the answer is to create different healthcare tiers based on cost/quality. Have lower cost hospitals with less available resources for those that are willing to accept lower quality for less cost, while at the same time having better equipped hospitals for those that are willing to pay extra. I think that this may be what would happen if it were left up to the markets, but the minute that someone at a low cost hospital was denied treatment that they would have recieved at a more expensive facility, someone would step in and claim that they were unfairly denied the service. Even though someone else was willing to pay for it while they themselves were not. This has actually happened in Canada, where doctors have been told they can not give preferential treatment to that patients willing to pay more...they are basically forced to provide their services at lower than market rate.